Technological progress is not in itself a rationale for going to space. It is instead a tool that is required to explore space more effectively. Space exploration involves designing systems with conflicting requirements such as low mass and cost, but high performance and reliability. This technological challenge inspires engineers and researchers to design systems that may then have applications on Earth.

For example, closed loop system technology needs to be improved for long duration space flight and extraterrestrial human settlements. It may find practical use within existing ground based recycling systems. Likewise, routine space exploration demands the development of cost-effective transportation systems, such as advanced propulsion or reusable launchers. This would benefit areas like telecommunication and remote sensing, and may even open the doors to space tourism.

It is now widely accepted that future settlement of the solar system will require the use of extra-terrestrial resources. In-situ resources such as water and regolith may be used for habitat and shielding construction. Solar energy is a specific extraterrestrial resource that provides a solution for the increasing energy demands on Earth.

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