(PHP 3 <= 3.0.18, PHP 4 >= 4.0.0)
sprintf -- Return a formatted string
Description
string sprintf (string format [, mixed args...])
Returns a string produced according to the formatting string format.
The format string is composed of zero or more directives: ordinary characters (excluding
%) that are copied directly to the result, and conversion specifications,
each of which results in fetching its own parameter. This applies to both sprintf() and printf().
Each conversion specification consists of a percent sign (%), followed by
one or more of these elements, in order:
-
An optional padding specifier that says what character will be used for
padding the results to the right string size. This may be a space character or a 0 (zero
character). The default is to pad with spaces. An alternate padding character can be specified by
prefixing it with a single quote ('). See the examples below.
-
An optional alignment specifier that says if the result should be
left-justified or right-justified. The default is right-justified; a - character here will
make it left-justified.
-
An optional number, a width specifier that says how many characters
(minimum) this conversion should result in.
-
An optional precision specifier that says how many decimal digits
should be displayed for floating-point numbers. This option has no effect for other types than float. (Another function useful for formatting numbers
is number_format().)
-
A type specifier that says what type the argument data should be
treated as. Possible types:
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% - a literal percent character. No argument is required. |
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b - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a binary
number. |
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c - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as the character with
that ASCII value. |
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d - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a (signed) decimal
number. |
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u - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as an unsigned decimal
number. |
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f - the argument is treated as a
float, and presented as a floating-point number. |
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o - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as an octal
number. |
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s - the argument is treated as and presented as a string. |
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x - the argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number
(with lowercase letters). |
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X - the argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number
(with uppercase letters). |
As of PHP version 4.0.6 the format string supports argument numbering/swapping. Here
is an example:
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Example 1. Argument swapping
$format = "There are %d monkeys in the %s";
printf($format,$num,$location);
|
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This might output, "There are 5 monkeys in the tree". But imagine we are creating a format
string in a separate file, commonly because we would like to internationalize it and we rewrite it
as:
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Example 2. Argument swapping
$format = "The %s contains %d monkeys";
printf($format,$num,$location);
|
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We now have a problem. The order of the placeholders in the format string does not match the
order of the arguments in the code. We would like to leave the code as is and simply indicate in
the format string which arguments the placeholders refer to. We would write the format string like
this instead:
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Example 3. Argument swapping
$format = "The %2\$s contains %1\$d monkeys";
printf($format,$num,$location);
|
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An added benefit here is that you can repeat the placeholders without adding more arguments
in the code. For example:
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Example 4. Argument swapping
$format = "The %2\$s contains %1\$d monkeys.
That's a nice %2\$s full of %1\$d monkeys.";
printf($format, $num, $location);
|
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See also: printf(), sscanf(), fscanf(), and
number_format().
Examples
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Example 5. sprintf(): zero-padded integers
$isodate = sprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d", $year, $month, $day);
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Example 6. sprintf(): formatting currency
$money1 = 68.75;
$money2 = 54.35;
$money = $money1 + $money2;
// echo $money will output "123.1";
$formatted = sprintf("%01.2f", $money);
// echo $formatted will output "123.10"
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