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Chapter 4. Security |
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The greatest weakness in many PHP programs is not inherent in the language itself, but
merely an issue of code not being written with security in mind. For this reason, you should always
take the time to consider the implications of a given piece of code, to ascertain the possible
damage if an unexpected variable is submitted to it.
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Example 4-17. Dangerous Variable Usage
<?php
// remove a file from the user's home directory... or maybe
// somebody else's?
unlink ($evil_var);
// Write logging of their access... or maybe an /etc/password entry?
fputs ($fp, $evil_var);
// Execute something trivial.. or rm -rf *?
system ($evil_var);
exec ($evil_var);
?>
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You should always carefully examine your code to make sure that any variables being submitted from
a web browser are being properly checked, and ask yourself the following questions:
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Will this script only affect the intended files?
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Can unusual or undesirable data be acted upon?
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Can this script be used in unintended ways?
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Can this be used in conjunction with other scripts in a negative manner?
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Will any transactions be adequately logged?
By adequately asking these questions while writing the script, rather than later, you prevent an
unfortunate re-write when you need to increase your security. By starting out with this mindset,
you won't guarantee the security of your system, but you can help improve it.
You may also want to consider turning off register_globals, magic_quotes, or other
convenience settings which may confuse you as to the validity, source, or value of a given
variable. Working with PHP in error_reporting(E_ALL) mode can also help warn you about variables
being used before they are checked or initialized (so you can prevent unusual data from being
operated upon).
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